Legal Term Dictionary

In practice. A writ issued out of a court of competent jurisdiction, commanding a person therein named to appear on a day named and do something therein mentioned, or show cause why he should not Proa Prac. The act by which a person is so summoned or cited. It is More...

In practice. A writ issued out of a court of competent jurisdiction, commanding a person therein named to appear on a day named and do something therein mentioned, or show cause why he should not Proa Prac. The act by which a person is so summoned or cited. It is used In this sense, in American law, In the practice upon writs of error from the United States supreme court, and in the proceedings of courts of probate in many of the states. Leavitt v. Leavitt 135 Mass. 193; State v. McCann, 67 Me. 374; Schwartz v. Lake, 109 La. 1081, 34 South. 96; Cohen v. Virginia, 6 Wheat 410, 5 L. Ed. 257. This is also the name of the process used In the English ecclesiastical, probate, and divorce courts to call the defendant or respondent before them. 3 Bl. Comm. 100; 8 Steph. Comm. 720. In Scotch practice. The calling of a party to an action done by an officer of the court under a proper warrant. The service of a writ or hill of summons. Paters. Comp. Less...

The reading of, or reference to, legal authorities and precedents, (such as constitutions, statutes, reported cases, and elementary treatises,) in arguments to courts, or in legal text-books, to establish or fortify the propositions advanced. Law of citations. See Law. Gitationcs non oonocdantnr prinsqnam enprtmatur super qua re fieri debet citatio. More...

The reading of, or reference to, legal authorities and precedents, (such as constitutions, statutes, reported cases, and elementary treatises,) in arguments to courts, or in legal text-books, to establish or fortify the propositions advanced. Law of citations. See Law. Gitationcs non oonocdantnr prinsqnam enprtmatur super qua re fieri debet citatio. Citations should not be granted before it is stated about what matter the citation is to be made. A maxim of ecclesiastical law. 12 Coke, 44. Less...

L. Fr. City; a city. Cite de Loundr, city of London.

L. Fr. City; a city. Cite de Loundr, city of London. Less...

To summon; to command the presence of a person; to notify a person of legal proceedings against him and require his appearance thereto. To read or refer to legal authorities, in an argument to a court or elsewhere, in support of propositions of law sought to be established.

To summon; to command the presence of a person; to notify a person of legal proceedings against him and require his appearance thereto. To read or refer to legal authorities, in an argument to a court or elsewhere, in support of propositions of law sought to be established. Less...

In general. A member of a free city or jural society, (civitcu,) possessing all the rlghte and privileges which can be enjoyed by any person under its constitution and government, and subject to the corresponding duties. In American law. One who, under the constitution and laws of the United States, More...

In general. A member of a free city or jural society, (civitcu,) possessing all the rlghte and privileges which can be enjoyed by any person under its constitution and government, and subject to the corresponding duties. In American law. One who, under the constitution and laws of the United States, or of a particular state, and by virtue of birth or naturalization within the jurisdiction, is a member of the political community, owing allegiance and being entitled to the enjoyment of full civil rights. U. S. v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S. 542, 23 L. Ed. 588; White v. Clements, 39 Ga. 259; Amy v. Smith, 1 Litt. (Ky.) 331; State v. County Court, 90 Mo. 593, 2 S. W. 788; Minor v. Happersett, 21 Wall. 162, 22 L. Ed. 627; U. S. v. Morris (D. C.) 125 Fed. 325. The term "citizen" has come to us derived from antiquity. It appears to have been used in the Roman government to designate a person who had the freedom of the city, and the right to exercise all political and civil privileges of the government. There was also, at Rome, a partial citizenship, including civil, but not political, rights. Complete citizenship embraced both. Thomasson v. State, 15 Ind. 451. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. Amend. XIV, Const. U. S. There Is in our political system a government of each of the several states, and a government of the United States. Each is distinct from the others, and has citizens of its own, who owe it allegiance, and whose rights, within its jurisdiction, it must protect. The same person may be at the same time a citizen of the United States and a citizen of a state; but his rights of citizenship under one of these governments will be different from those he has under the other. The government of the United States, although it is, within the scope of its powers, supreme and beyond the states, can neither grant nor secure to Its citizens rights or privileges which are not expressly or by implication placed under its jurisdiction. All that cannot be so granted or secured are left to the exclusive protection of the states. U. S. v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S. 542, 23 L. Ed. 588. "Citizen" and "inhabitant" are not synonymous. One may be a citizen of a state without being an inhabitant, or an inhabitant without being a citizen. Quinby v. Duncan, 4 Har. (Del) 383. "Citizen" is sometimes used as synonymous with "resident;" as in a statute authorising funds to be distributed among the religious societies of a township, proportionably to the number of their members who are citizens of the township. State v. Trustees, 11 Ohio, 24. In English law. An Inhabitant of a city. 1 Rolle, 138. The representative of a city, In parliament. 1 Bl. Comm. 174. It will be perceived that in the English usage, the word adheres closely to its original meaning, as shown by its derivation, (civis, a free inhabitant of a city.) When it is designed to designate an inhabitant of the country, or one amenable to the laws of the nation, "subject" is the word there employed. Less...

The status of being a citizen, (q. p.)

The status of being a citizen, (q. p.) Less...

In England. An incorporated town or borough which is or has been the see of a bishop. Co. Litt. 108; 1 Bl. Coram. 114; Cowell. State v. Green, 126 N. a 1082, 35 S. E. 462. A large town incorporated with certain privileges. The inhabitants of a city. The citizens. More...

In England. An incorporated town or borough which is or has been the see of a bishop. Co. Litt. 108; 1 Bl. Coram. 114; Cowell. State v. Green, 126 N. a 1082, 35 S. E. 462. A large town incorporated with certain privileges. The inhabitants of a city. The citizens. Worcester. In America. A city is a municipal corporation of a larger class, the distinctive feature of whose organization is its government by a chief executive (usually called "mayor") and a legislative body, composed of representatives of the citizens, (usually called a "council" or "board of aldermen,") and other officers having special functions. Wight Co. Y. Wolff, 112 Ga. 160, 37 S. E. 395. Less...

A court having a local Jurisdiction within the city of London. It is to all Intents and purposes a county court, having the same Jurisdiction and procedure.

A court having a local Jurisdiction within the city of London. It is to all Intents and purposes a county court, having the same Jurisdiction and procedure. Less...

Sp. In Spanish law, cities; distinguished from towns (pueblos) and villages (villas.) Hart v. Burnett, 15 CaL 537.

Sp. In Spanish law, cities; distinguished from towns (pueblos) and villages (villas.) Hart v. Burnett, 15 CaL 537. Less...

In Its original sense, this word means pertaining or appropriate to a member of a civitas or free political community; natural or proper to a citizen. Also, relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of a state. In the language of the More...

In Its original sense, this word means pertaining or appropriate to a member of a civitas or free political community; natural or proper to a citizen. Also, relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of a state. In the language of the law, it has various significations. In contradistinction to barbarous or savage, it indicates a state of society reduced to order and regular government; thus, we speak of civil life, civil society, civil government, and civil liberty. In contradistinction to criminal, it indicates tbe private rights and remedies of men, as members of the community, in contrast to those which are public and relate to the gov-eminent; thus, we speak of civil process and criminal process, civil jurisdiction and criminal Jurisdiction. It is also used In contradistinction to military or ecclesiastical, to natural or foreign; thus, we speak of a civil station, as opposed to a military or an ecclesiastical station; a civil death, as opposed to a natural death; a civil war, as opposed to a foreign war. Story, Const I 791. —Civil responsibility. The liability to be called upon to respond to an action at law for an injury caused by a delict or crime, as opposed to criminal responsibility, or liability to be proceeded against in a criminal tribunal.—-Civil side. When the same court has jurisdiction of both civil and criminal matters, proceedings of the first class are often said to be on the civil side; those of the second, on the criminal side. As to civil "Commotion" •'Corporations," -Death," "Injury," "Liberty," "Obligation," "Officer," "Remedy/* ••Rights," and "War,* see those titles. Less...